The foundations of this historic city were laid during the reign of the Chalukyan dynasty of Kalyani between the tenth and eleventh centuries. They called it Vijayapura or the "City of Victory" from which Bijapur derives its present name. Bijapur came under Muslim influence, first under Allaudin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi, towards the end of the 13th century, and then under the Bahamani kings of Bidar in 1347.
In 1481,
Mohammed III, one of the Bahamani Sultans, appointed Yusuf
Adil Khan as the Governor of Bijapur. Yusuf Adil Khan was
one of the sons of Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey who was forced
to flee his country on the death of his father to escape a
massacre in the battle for succession to the throne. He
was purchased as a slave by Mahmud Gavan, the Prime Minister
of Mohammed III. With the decline of the Bahamani power at
Bidar, Yusuf declared his independence in 1489 and thus
became the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty which survived
as a kingdom till it was annexed by Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb in 1686.
Bijapur reached its zenith as a city under the Adil Shahi
dynasty and witnessed a burst of architectural activity.
This prolific period produced over 50 mosques, more than 20
tombs and a number of palaces. An interesting difference in
this case the employment of large numbers of Indian
craftsmen . Earlier Muslim rulers of the Deccan had largely
deployed Persian craftsmen and architects.
What to see
Bijapur offers the tourist a variety of medieval monuments, which occupy a unique niche in the pantheon of Islamic architecture in India. The chief reason for that they were built with largely Indian craftsmen. In addition to the Gol Gumbaz, the architecture buff can take in the beautifully maintained Ibrahim Roza, Jumma Masjid and an assortment of buildings of historical interest and round it off with a visit to the architectural museum.
Gol Gumbaz
The tomb
of Mohammed Adil Shah (1627-56), the 7th ruler of
the Adil Shahi dynasty, took 20 years to complete and
dominates the landscape of Bijapur for miles around. The
central dome is the second largest in the world (the largest
being the dome of St Peter's Basilica in Rome) and stands
unsupported by pillars measuring at 38 meters in diameter.
The monument itself is an impressive structure with a floor
area of 1700 sqm and a height of 51 meters. Perhaps the most
remarkable thing about the structure is acoustics - in the
'Whispering Gallery', the tick of a watch or the rustle of
paper can be heard across a distance of 37 meters. The
massive structure is rounded off by four octagonal turrets
in each corner which project at an angle. From the gallery
around the dome, one can have a fabulous view of the entire
town. The complex also includes a mosque, a Naqar Khana, a
gateway and a dharmasala. The edifice in front of the tomb
has been converted into a museum.
Ibrahim Roza
-
Rauza literally means a garden.
the square enclosure consists of 2 buildings, one
housing the
tombs of Ibrahim Adil Shah II & his family & the other a
mosque. The tomb, evidently executed under the orders of
Ibrahim Adil Shah (1580-1627)
is noted for its striking symmetry of proportion,
exquisite minarets cupolas, parapets & cornices & is supposed to have been an
inspiration for the Taj Mahal at Agra.
This monument shows the creativity of
its Iranian born architect.
Built on a single slab of bed-rock, the architect has
attained a perfect balance on the site, with the
mausoleum on the left and the prayer hall to the right.
- Two stone chains (each carved from a single rock) hang from the sides of the prayer hall. Each door (made in teak wood and re-enforced in metal) in this complex is unique, with some excellent features. The arches in the hallway surrounding the inner perimeter of the mausoleum are superbly crafted. The facades of the building provide for some stunning art-work in stone, including a map to the basement, which lies under the mausoleum.
Malik-e-Maidan
Malik-e-Maidan (Monarch of the Plan) is one of the largest bell metal guns in the world, it measures 4.45 m in length, 1.5 m in diameter & weighs 55 tons. Placed on the walls of the city on the one of the bastions of the fort (called the Buruz or Lion Tower), this was built on the orders of Burham Nizam Shah I for his son-in-law Adil Shah. A unique feature of this legendary cannon is that it is always cool to touch even under the blazing sun & when tapped gently it tinkles softly like a bell. The muzzle of the gun is shaped like the head of a lion with open jaws & between the carved fangs is depicted an elephant being crushed to death.
Jumma Masjid
Called
Jumma Masjid because the Khutba is recited here on Jumma ie.
Friday, it is the largest & first constructed mosque in
Bijapur. It was built between 1557 -1686, most of it during
Ali Adil Shah reign, who acquired the land after defeating
the rich Ramaraja of Vijayanagar.
The total area of the mosque is 10,810 sq m. The
main part of the mosque stands to the west & has nine huge
arches on their facade that deepen into five arches & form
45 compartments. The majestic tomb rises above the roof in a
semicircle resembling the bud of a flower. This imposing
mosque (the rectangle is 170m x 70 m) is incomplete, lacking
in 2 minarets. Aurangzeb extended the mosque in the east,
the south & the north verandah & built the eastern gate. The
original gateway is on the northern side. The interior of
the mosque shows restraint, except for some decorative
motifs on the apexes of the arches. The heavy curtain hangs
over the "Mehrab", which has domes, minarets, niches with
books, flower vases & Persian writings inscribed on it.
Gol-Gumbaz Archaeological Museum
Located in the building in front of the Gol-Gumbaz, the museum houses art from the Chalukyan as well as Adil Shahi periods.
Bara-kaman This is on of the Famous place
in bijapur.here 12 arch building. the bara-kaman houses art from the chalukyan as well as Adil shahi Periods
